Ambassador Freddy Numberi, Founder Numberi Center. [Foto: Dok Freddy Numberi]
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Resolusi PBB 2504 (XXIV) tanggal 19 November 1969 sebelum disahkan oleh Sekjen PBB U Thant, maka resolusi ini disirkulasikan kepada negara-negara anggota PBB yang hadir saat itu.
Sebelum itu dalam rapat-rapat pleno telah dibahas hasil Pepera (Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat) Papua yang dibacakan oleh Ortiz Sanz selaku perwakilan resmi utusan PBB. Kemudian dibacakan oleh Sekjen PBB dengan hasil 84 (delapan puluh empat) negara menyetujui agar Papua dikembalikan kepada Indonesia secara ab initio dan sesuai prinsip internasional uti possidetis juris sah milik Indonesia. Negara-negara yang tidak setuju nihil, 30 (tiga puluh) negara abstain dan tidak hadir 12 (dua belas) negara.
Setelah mendapat persetujuan dari mayoritas negara-negara yang hadir, kemudian Sekjen PBB mengesahkan menjadi Resolusi PBB nomor 2504 (XXIV) tanggal 19 November 1969.
Dalam butir memperhatikan dinyatakan :
“Pemerintah Indonesia, dalam melaksanakan rencana pembangunan nasionalnya, memberikan perhatian khusus pada kemajuan Irian Barat, dengan mengingat kondisi spesifik penduduknya, dan bahwa Pemerintah Belanda bekerjasama erat dengan Pemerintah Indonesia, akan terus memberikan bantuan keuangan untuk tujuan ini, khususnya melalui Bank Pembangunan Asia dan lembaga-lembaga Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa”.
Ini adalah Solusi Damai, Bermartabat dan Legal serta Terhormat dalam proses kembalinya koloni keresiden Nieuw-Guinea kepada pemiliknya yang sah yaitu Republik Indonesia.
Resolusi ini juga ikut menyelamatkan banyak nyawa Orang Asli Papua, agar tidak mati sia-sia apabila terjadi peperangan antara Belanda dan Indonesia. Seperti Peribahasa :” Bila gajah berkelahi, semut pasti mati terinjak”.
Resolusi PBB 2504 (XXIV), 19 November 1969 sesungguhnya adalah solusi damai untuk menghindari peperangan antara Belanda dan Indonesia serta menyelamatkan Orang Asli Papua dari ketidakpastian politiknya.
Resolusi ini baru lahir dalam bentuk Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Bagi Provinsi Papua.
Rakyat Papua bersyukur kepada Tuhan YME, bahwa meskipun lahirnya UU Otsus ini 32 (tiga puluh dua) tahun kemudian, namun ini adalah jawaban terhadap benang kusut permasalah-permasalahan di Papua sejak tahun 1963.
Undang-Undang Otonomi Khusus
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus bagi Provinsi Papua yang pada butir Menimbang poin f, menyatakan “bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan di Provinsi Papua selama ini belum sepenuhnya memungkinkan tercapainya kesejahteraan rakyat, belum sepenuhnya mendukung terwujudnya penegakkan hukum, dan belum sepenuhnya menampakkan penghormatan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia di Provinsi Papua, khususnya masyarakat Papua”.
Hal ini sejalan dengan “ruh” Memperhatikan dalam Resolusi PBB 2504 (XXIV), tanggal 19 November 1969.
Sayangnya setelah lahir 32 (tiga puluh dua) tahun kemudian dalam implementasinya sejak tahun 2001 sampai dengan tahun 2021, justru sangat bertentangan dengan “ruh” Resolusi PBB 2504 (XXIV), tanggal 19 November 1969 maupun UU RI No.21 tahun 2001 pada butir Menimbang poin f.
Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah kembali ke Indonesia pada 1 Mei 1963 sampai saat ini, Orang Asli Papua belum menikmati nilai-nilai kemerdekaan yang hakiki maupun nilai kemanusiaannya sesuai falsafah Pancasila, dalam arti belum aman, belum damai, belum sejahtera, hak-hak politik dan sosialnya diabaikan dan tidak ada penghormatan terhadap Hak Asasi Manusia Orang Asli Papua, karena adanya kekerasan yang berujung pada kematian.
Rangkuman Khusus
Baik Resolusi PBB nomor 2504(XXIV), 19 November 1969 maupun UU Otsus 21, tahun 2001 memuat hal-hal khusus dan spesifik tentang keberadaan Orang Asli Papua dalam NKRI.
Ada 11(sebelas) nilai kekhususan dalam Undang-Undang no.21/2001 tentang Otsus Papua, antara lain :
(1) Kewenangan Khusus (Ketentuan Umum Pasal 2 huruf b, Pasal 4 ayat 1 dan 2 serta Pasal 7 ayat 2 huruf a).
(2) Bentuk dan Susunan Pemerintahan Otonomi Khusus (DPRP, Gubernur dan MRP, Ketentuan Umum Pasal 1, huruf e,f,g dan Pasal 5 serta Pasal 6). Merupakan Trium virat.
(3) Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur adalah Orang Asli Papua (Pasal 12, huruf a)
(4) MRP memberikan pertimbangan dan persetujuan terhadap bakal calon Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur, dan memberikan pertimbangan dan persetujuan terhadap Perdasus (Pasal 20)
(5) Peraturan Daerah Provinsi/Perdasi dan Peraturan Daerah Khusus/Perdasus (Pasal 31).
(6) Dana Otsus (Pasal 34)
(7) Perwakilan Komnas HAM dan KKR (Pasal 45 dan Pasal 46).
(8) Pengangkatan Kapolda dan Kajati atas persetujuan Gubernur. (Pasal 48 ayat 5 dan Pasal 52 ayat 2).
(9) Peradilan Adat (Pasal 51).
(10) Pemekaran Provinsi-Provinsi atas usul Provinsi Papua (Pasal 3 ayat 4) atas persetujuan MRP dan DPRP sesuai kewenangan yang ada.
(11) Kerjasama Luar Negeri (Pasal 4 ayat 6-17). Kerjasama itu di bidang sosial, ekonomi dan kebudayaan.
Dengan demikian bila kekhususan-kekhususan ini tidak masuk dalam Undang-Undang Otsus Revisi II, maka nilai-nilai kekhususan yang mengakomodasikan kepentingan Orang Asli Papua dalam Kebhinekaan Indonesia yang besar ini, justru hilang dan bertentangan dengan UU Otsus itu sendiri maupun ruh Resolusi PBB 2504(XXIV) tanggal 19 November 1969.
Penutup dan Saran
Dari pengamatan penulis, bahwa UU 21/2001 tentang Otonomi Khusus Papua merupakan kompromi politik dan berdampak pada hubungan internasional serta merupakan jalan tengah dari upaya pemerintah Republik Indonesia mengatasi masalah-masalah yang timbul di masa lalu.
Rezim pemerintah silih berganti, namun persoalan-persoalan di Papua tidak diselesaikan dengan baik dan tuntas serta sering mengundang kritikan dari luar negeri. Contoh yang paling kasat mata adalah pelanggaran HAM. Sebagai bangsa kita sedih bahwa hal itu masih terjadi, namun di fora internasional jangan kita menafikan hal itu dengan mengatakan bahwa kita memiliki cara-cara kredibel untuk menye-lesaikan hal itu, tetapi kenyataannya bertolak belakang dengan fakta nyata di lapangan.
Kita harus low profile dan dengan bijak mengatakan bahwa kita masih terus berusaha mengatasi masalah-masalah pelanggaran HAM ini dan butuh waktu. Pengalaman Timor Timur seharusnya menjadi pelajaran penting bagi kita dalam hal berbangsa dan bernegara, karena kita cinta Papua, kita cinta Indonesia.
Saran penulis, jangan tergesa-gesa dan terkesan memaksa kehendak (baca: otoriter) oleh pemerintah pusat dalam merealisir Otsus versi II ini.
Perlu ditinjau kembali apakah sudah mengakomodasikan 11 (sebelas) kekhususan tadi dalam Otsus versi II ini, sehingga tidak menjadi “bumerang” bagi pemerintah di kemudian hari.
Orang Asli Papua yakin bahwa dibawah kepemimpinan Presiden Jokowi dan Wakil Presiden Ma’ruf Amin pasti terjadi banyak perubahan-perubahan di Papua dalam bingkai Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) yang kita cintai bersama.
“…demokrasi tidak membenarkan adanya sikap all or nothing (semua atau tidak), take it or leave it (ambil atau tinggalkan), yaitu sikap serba kemutlak-mutlakan.” (Nurcholis Madjid, Indonesia Kita, 2004:hal.98).
Opini ini ditulis oleh Ambassador Freddy Numberi, Founder Numberi Center dan mantan Gubernur Papua pada tahun 1998.
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