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Pendidikan tanpa Pungutan, Utopia?

Dalam konstitusi Negara Republik Indonesia, tepatnya dalam batang tubuh Pasal 31, tercatat secara tegas mengenai hak semua warga negara untuk memperoleh pendidikan dan pengajaran. Negara tentu sengaja menempatkan hal ini dalam konstitusi, mengingat melalui pendidikan, peradaban dapat dibentuk, dikembangkan secara bermartabat.

Elaborasi selanjutnya disebutkan dalam UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, yang menggarisbawahi pengertian pendidikan sebagai usaha sadar dan terencana untuk mewujudkan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran agar peserta didik secara aktif mengembangkan potensi dirinya untuk memiliki kekuatan spiritual keagamaan, pengendalian diri, kepribadian, kecerdasan, akhlak mulia, serta keterampilan yang diperlukan bagi dirinya, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara.

Dalam rangka mengimplementasikan suasana belajar dan proses pembelajaran yang kondusif tersebut, maka peran semua elemen dalam pendidikan sangat dibutuhkan, termasuk di dalamnya para orang tua dan komite sekolah. Nama terakhir ini, Komite Sekolah, diterbitkanlah Permendikbud Nomor 75 Tahun 2016 tentang Komite Sekolah. Komite Sekolah, berperan dalam membantu sekolah untuk mengembangkan sarana dan pra sarana sekolah, juga menjadi jembatan komunikasi antara sekolah dan para orang tua. Peran Komite Sekolah sangat terlihat bila dikaitkan dengan pendanaan pendidikan. Dalam konteks ini kemudian dikenal pungutan dan sumbangan, yang pengaturannya sudah ditegaskan dalam Permendikbud Nomor 44 Tahun 2012.

Dalam konteks Papua, selain aspek kesehatan, pembiayaan pendidikan menjadi tujuan sentral dari dana Otsus. Pada tahun 2014, dana Otsus yang disalurkan untuk Papua sebesar Rp.647,31 miliar. Pada tahun 2017, jumlahnya mencapai Rp. 1,67 triliun. Celakanya, Angka Melek Huruf (AMH) di Papua dan Papua Barat tidak mengalami perubahan signifikan. Data BPS pun mengatakan hal yang sama. Terlepas dari sisi paradoksal tersebut, logika orang awam akan terbelalak ketika di bumi Papua dan Papua Barat, dengan dana Otsus di bidang pendidikan yang masih melimpah, masih terjadi pungutan dari Komite Sekolah.

Pungutan yang dilakukan oleh Komite Sekolah, seringkali didasarkan pada adanya kesepakatan dengan orang tua. Secara regulasi, selama pungutan tersebut masih dilakukan berdasarkan Permendikbud Nomor 75 Tahun 2016 dan Permendikbud Nomor 44 Tahun 2012, tentu sah-sah saja. Namun, konteks pemberlakuan pungutan oleh Komite Sekolah ini menjadi unik bila dihadapkan pada dana Otsus di bidang pendidikan di Papua dan Papua Barat. Kurangkah dana Otsus untuk pendidikan sehingga harus ada pungutan dari Komite Sekolah?

Kita tidak bisa menutup mata terhadap hal ini, mengingat angka kemiskinan di Papua dan Papua Barat masih sangat tinggi. Pada titik ini, peran para stake holder, yaitu Pemerintah c.q. Dinas Pendidikan, sangat dibutuhkan. Transparansi, komunikasi, akuntabilitas, menjadi 3 (tiga) poin sentral yang harus dikerjakan berkaitan dengan pungutan yang dilakukan oleh Komite Sekolah. Kepada Pemerintah di Papua dan Paua Barat, selayaknya dipertanyakan: dapatkah pendidikan di Papua dan Papua Barat tanpa pungutan? Atau jangan-jangan ini semua hanyalah bentuk pemiskinan baru dengan jalan halal di bidang pendidikan? Lawan!

Oleh: Michael A. Rumbiak

#BOS#Komite Sekolah#OTSUS#Pungli

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